Elevating Cocktails With Tea

In the modern realm of craft cocktail bartending, bartenders are always looking for ways to impart complex flavour profiles with real depth into their signature slings. From organic produce such as fresh fruit and vegetables to specialist ingredients such as acid powders and thickening and emulsifying agents, anything that can add complexity in flavour and texture can and will be employed.

To understand how to use tea effectively, we must first understand the variations of tea. The two major categories are herbal teas made using various herbs and spices steeped in hot water and include chamomile, ginger, and peppermint teas, and tea coming from the tea plant, Camellia Sinensis, which has six further subcategories; green, white, yellow, oolong, black and dark. The difference between these six types of tea is how the raw leaves are processed post-harvest.

Tea has versatility in not only breadth but also depth. When using tea in a cocktail there are two main questions to ask yourself before starting your process - What kind of tea do I want to use? And what kind of flavours do I want to extract from the tea leaves? The answer to these questions will determine what kind of tea leaves to use and how to impart their flavours into your libation.

With this knowledge, we will explore some of the delicious brew-based cocktails created by bartenders worldwide and the various techniques they employ!

SPIRIT INFUSION

The Earl Grey Marteani was created by legendary New York City bartender Audrey Saunders for the opening menu of her bar Pegu Club. This gin-sour serve is a brilliant introduction to tea, cocktails, and both in combination, owing to its ease of replicability and the fact that it is just damn delicious.

The recipe calls for Earl Grey tea-infused gin, which may seem daunting to a beginner but requires no speciality equipment and minimal active time. Simply add ¼ cup or 8 grams of loose leaf earl grey tea to 750ml of London Dry Gin and leave to steep for at least 2 and up to 8 hours, before straining through a coffee filter and bottling.

Looking at Saunders’ choice of process is intriguing here as an infusion into the spirit allows the alcohol to leech out the flavour faster than cold brewing it before turning the cold brewed tea into a syrup, as well as allowing for a more shelf stable product than a tea syrup!

With these pros, however, always comes a con. As alcohol leeches out flavours a lot faster than water, it also pulls out the bitter tannic profile contained in all kinds of teas. To combat this, Saunders added egg white to the drink to soften the bitter, tannic finish of the drink.

While infusing the tea into spirit was ideal for Saunders’ application, infusing tea into a whole bottle of gin may not be the most ideal for home bartending use, so let’s turn our heads to the alternative of tea syrups!

SYRUP INFUSION

Image credit: 1820rooftopbar on Instagram

When infusing tea into syrup, your choice between hot or cold brewing the tea will determine the flavours you extract from the tea. A cold brewed tea will be a more delicate extraction with the predominant flavour coming from the process used to preserve the tea leaf post-harvest, whereas, a hot brew will give you a more tannic profile a lot more akin to your regular cuppa.

A great example of hot brewed tea syrup in a cocktail is the Apricot + Dragon Ball Tea from the 1820 Rooftop Bar in Edinburgh, which uses a blend of 5 different teas to mimic the flavour profile of Johnnie Walker Black Label!

We spoke with the creative lead on the project Connor Norris on his thought process for the choice of teas and method of extraction:

“The cordial made a lot of sense in this serve, and the blend of teas chosen was based on the tasting notes of Johnnie Walker Black label that were perceived by the team. Rooibos tea was the backbone of the blend, providing the malty base and bridging the gap between the flavours of tea, and single-grain whisky. Lapsang tea offered the smoke that Caol Ila brings, while Hibiscus brought the fruity notes of Cardhu and the floral profile of Glenkinchie. Earl Grey mimicked some of the tropical notes found in Clynelish, and to round it out, Breakfast Tea added the classic tannic flavours that are brought to whisky through their cask aging.”

Connor’s method of infusion was a hot brew using the sous vide, which allowed a quicker infusion for the high-volume purposes of the venue but also allowed the tannic dryness of the tea to contrast against the sweetness of the apricot jam used in the cordial.

It is an all-around delicious beverage so we suggest it as a fantastic example of what a tea cocktail can be if you get the chance to visit.

COLD DISTILLATION

This one is for my fellow cocktail bartenders who stepped into the prep space of their new venue and saw a rotary evaporator (rotovap) for the first time and wondered what exactly they had gotten themselves into - a feeling I have known all too well.

Fear not! As while a rotovap is an expensive and intricate piece of equipment, the theory behind its use is far simpler than the column and pot still distillation processes used in the making of spirits. Applying the same logic of hot versus cold brewing of tea to the vigor of your boil in your distillation chamber, you can achieve an incredible variance of end product while starting with the same raw materials. A few things to note first:

• As pressure drops, so does the boiling point of the liquid.

• As alcohol by volume increases, the boiling point of the liquid drops.

• A rotovap is by no means necessary in making great drinks, with tea or otherwise.

• For the sake of example, we will look at making a tea liqueur using distillation.

If the main goal of the extraction was to pull out the bitter tannins from the tea, then keeping the pressure relatively high and boiling aggressively at a higher temperature is the way to go. Whereas if you want to extract the flavours of the tea leaf and how it was processed, drop the pressure very low and keep the temperature low to keep the liquid on a simmer.

An old head bartender of mine once said that using a rotovap is very similar to using a barbecue - learning to read the fire and use that to your advantage is one of the keys to good barbecues. In the case of a rotovap, learning to read the boil and pressure and adjusting those to achieve the flavours that you want from them is the key to good rotovapped cocktails!

With this new-found knowledge of tea and infusion methods, you can sling yourself up a delicious tea cocktail with minimal faff for the home bartender, or go all the way to distillation for the professionals! An exciting world awaits…

By Fowwaz Ansari

5 Stunning Pink Cocktails to Make at Home

Think of pink and perhaps the girly ‘life in plastic, it’s fantastic’ fuchsia of Barbieland comes to mind. Or pretty pastel pink cardigans lovingly knitted by granny for a baby girl. Did you know, it’s only in the past 100 years that pink was first associated with femininity. Before that it was simply a colour. What changed? After the war, several companies latched onto a novel marketing idea to categorise pink for girls and blue for boys. It caught on, eventually causing human perceptions in the West to shift which still bears influence over many people’s beliefs today. 

There now exists an ‘International Day of Pink’ every 10th of April to raise awareness against bullying and discrimination in the world. To show support for diversity, we are invited to wear pink. That’s it. Perhaps you already wear pink? Good decision, because it's believed pink can psychologically uplift us and make us feel happy and bubbly. 

Our focus is, of course, on the drinks and what better occasion to bring happiness and bubbliness to your drinking in the form of pink cocktails. Don’t be misled into thinking all of them are sugary sweet. either, because the recipes below have all been chosen for their harmonious balance of sour, bitter and sweetness.

PINK PALOMA 

A TEQUILA-BASED COCKTAIL THAT’S SIMPLE TO MAKE. STRONG, FRUITY AND BITTER.

The Pink Paloma (a lengthened Margarita) is one of the most popular drinks in Mexico. Tequila, pink grapefruit and a pinch of sea salt make an irresistible creation to balance sour and sweet. This amount of freshness and tartness all in one glass will momentarily carry you off into holiday mode, even on a school night. Even if you’re not into grapefruit, I urge you to try a Pink Paloma: the sweetness of the agave offsets the bitter citrus well.

Ingredients
50ml blanco tequila
25ml grapefruit juice
12.5ml lime juice
7.5ml agave nectar/syrup
50ml soda (grapefruit or ordinary)

Method
Pour salt onto a small plate. Rub the rim of a Collins glass with lime wedge, then dip into salt, turning to coat. Shake the tequila, grapefruit juice, lime juice and agave syrup with ice until well chilled. Pour/strain into glass with or without ice and top with soda. Garnish with a grapefruit wedge or slice. 
For a non-alcoholic version, leave out the tequila but still include agave syrup (also known as agave nectar) which is alcohol free and will give lovely cactusy notes.

PINK VODKA LEMONADE COCKTAIL

AN EASY TO MAKE, BABY PINK DRINK THAT’S A REFRESHING BLEND OF SWEET AND TANGY.

Are you a vodka drinker looking to jazz up a regular vodka and lemonade? Try adding a splash of Malibu, cranberry juice and sparkling Sprite instead of regular lemonade. Most grown up girls have known a time in life when only cranberry juice can put things right. So if life gives you limes and you’ve got cranberry juice to hand - turn to this cocktail. The bitter tang of the pink cranberry is balanced by tropical coconut and pineapple hints in the Malibu and the fizz of added lemon and lime from the Sprite has never knowingly undersold anyone’s happiness. There’s also a zero sugar option for those watching the calories.

Ingredients
45ml vodka
15ml Coconut Flavoured Rum (like Malibu)
10ml lime juice (or 15ml tablespoon if using regular lemonade)
20ml cranberry juice
Lemonade (Sprite or Sprite Zero Sugar works great)

Method
Combine all the ingredients in a glass, add ice and give it a good stir. La voilà! Lovely without any garnish but if you’d like to infuse some earthy tones, add a sprig of thyme.
For a non-alcoholic version give Sprite, cranberry juice and lime a try. You can easily determine the vibrancy of colour yourself by adding more cranberry juice if you like. You’re the boss.

RASPBERRY GIMLET

IF HAPPINESS WAS A DRINK… THIS IS THE ONE TO SIP.

Image credit: Gin Squares

A Gimlet is a simple cocktail - two parts gin, one part lime juice. This vivid cerise riff on a Gimlet has the tart sweetness of raspberries added, muddled in to make that glorious colour. This beauty tastes as good as it looks. Barbie would definitely approve and it’s so simple, even Ken could (probably) make it.

Ingredients
50ml gin
25ml lime juice
15ml simple syrup or raspberry syrup
Raspberries to muddle
3 good raspberries for the garnish

Method
Muddle and shake with ice and double strain into a coupe or martini glass. Garnish with three fresh raspberries on a cocktail stick or skewer.
For a non-alcoholic raspberry fizz, leave gin out, muddle the fruit in lime juice and raspberry syrup, double strain and top with a splash of soda. 

LUCIEN GAUDIN COCKTAIL

A VINTAGE FRENCH RIFF ON A CARDINALE (NEGRONI WITH DRY VERMOUTH). VERMILLION IN COLOUR, ELEGANT AND SUPER TASTY.

Image credit: Julian Vallis

Can’t decide between a Martini and a Negroni? This is a Negroni inspired drink with a citric orange riff! The colour is pink and fun. Lucien Gaudin was a French champion fencer who competed in several consecutive Olympics in the 1920s. He was described as ‘poetry in motion’ for his strength and seemingly effortless control. The cocktail named in his honour dates back to 1929. It’s a strong one that amplifies the bitter orange aspect with the addition of dry vermouth and orange liqueur. The proportions below are true to the original recipe that won the Honorary Cup at the Professional Bartender’s Championship in Paris in 1929.

Ingredients
60ml Gin (Hepple is nice for it)
20ml Campari
20ml Cointreau
20ml Noilly Prat Original Dry Vermouth 

Method
Combine all ingredients in a mixing glass with ice and stir to chill. Strain into a chilled Nick and Nora glass and garnish with an orange twist. As this is such a spirit-forward cocktail there is no non-alcoholic equivalent! Serve on-the-rocks. Use bigger ice if you are unsure if you will like the dilution.

THE WIBBLE

CREATED IN 1999 BY DICK BRADSELL, THE GODFATHER OF THE LONDON COCKTAIL REVIVAL. A MODERN BRITISH CLASSIC.

Image credit: Zach Sapato

Fellow #DRINKLUSIVE mentee Zach Sapato, US and UK National Champion Bartender, got the opportunity to make this cocktail for Bea Bradsell when she wanted to honour the anniversary of the passing of her father Dick. If you didn’t know, Dick Bradsell was the inventor of the Espresso Martini and The Bramble, two of the most popular cocktails of our time. Here’s how Zach made it:

Ingredients
25ml Sloe gin
25ml Beefeater Gin
25ml grapefruit juice
5ml lemon juice
5ml mure
5ml sugar syrup

Method
Shake ingredients with rock ice. Strain into a chilled coupette glass. Garnish with a lemon twist!

That’s five, but are you ready for a bonus cocktail? Don’t say we don’t treat you…

CHAMBORD ROYALE

ROMANTIC PINK FIZZ FOR CELEBRATIONS LIKE ENGAGEMENTS, WEDDINGS AND WETTING THE BABY’S HEAD. (IRRELEVANT OF GENDER OBVIOUSLY).

Chambord Black Raspberry Liqueur is crafted with 100% natural ingredients including blackberries, raspberries and blackcurrants and infused with XO Cognac and other botanicals. It’s noted for its unique flavour, unmatched quality and distinctive orb-shaped bottle. It’s a special bottle to keep in your drinks cabinet should an occasion for celebration arise unexpectedly. To make a Chambord Royale, simply serve 120ml of Brut Champagne in a flute or coupe glass, add 15ml of Chambord. It turns your bubbly pink which can then either be garnished with a raspberry if you wish or just leave it as nature intended. 
Prosecco, ‘Nosecco’, Cava and Sparkling Wine work just as well, if you’re watching the pennies or not drinking alcohol. It’s the Chambord that makes this so special. Why? Because it turns your bubbly pink. That’s something to feel happy and bubbly about. A perfect cocktail for all who care to Think Pink, Drink Pink.

By Robbie Jerram

Wine Lovers Must-Know: The Ideal Serving Temperatures for Every Bottle!

Photo Credit: Will Wong

Whether it’s a weeknight after a hard day’s work, or you have been planning to open that bottle on a special occasion, there is nothing more important than serving your wine at the ‘right’ temperature. Whites well chilled. Reds at room temperature. Sorted, right? Yes and no.

There is a tendency for white wines to be served too cold, and red wines too warm - even in some bars and restaurants. We wouldn’t go so far as dipping a thermometer in every glass but being aware of it makes a surprisingly big difference to your enjoyment of the wine.

The average temperature of a domestic fridge is 4-6ºC, which is too cold for most whites or Rosé. But have you heard some seasoned drinkers even lightly chill their reds? The wines below are examples of the most commonly drunk categories in the UK; with the suggested temperature range as general guidelines. Our palate is highly personal so trust what works for you and your drinking companions. It is more art than science!

Sparkling and Sweet Wines

Photo Credit: Will Wong

The basic rule is, the lighter or sweeter the wine, the cooler the serving temperature – around 5-10°C. Too cool is better than too warm as a cold glass of wine will quickly warm up indoors or outside in the summer. 

A fine sparkling wine such as the Busi Jacobsohn Blanc de Noirs 2018 or Champagne equivalents are best served straight out of the fridge (4-6ºC) and kept cool in a bucket with ice and water, or wrapped in a rapid Champagne cooler you keep in your freezer. Remember that as the bubbles dissipate, your glass of fizz is warming up too. When served too warm, the sparkler can lose its sparkle and taste flat, if not totally lifeless. Vintage champagnes would benefit from a slightly warmer range between 8-10ºC to help its subtle nuances emerge. 

The Royal Tokaji Blue Label Aszú 5 Puttonyos 2014 is a delicate and refined sweet wine from Hungary which goes down a treat with blue cheeses and fruit desserts. It is best served between 7-10ºC but experiment with even warmer temperatures as the honey nectar opens up in your glass. 

Rosé and Light-bodied Young Whites (e.g. Albariño, Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Grigio)

Photo Credit: Will Wong

A typical Provençal Rosé such as the Miraval Sainte Victoire and aromatic dry whites such as the Faustino Rivero Ulecia Albariño from Rías Baixas, Galicia in Spain and the Shaw+Smith Sauvignon Blanc from Adelaide Hills, South Australia will all benefit from 20 minutes out of the fridge before serving. The three wines above have very different characteristics so experiment between 10-14ºC. Should you find the second glass begin to feel a touch warm, you can put the bottle back in the fridge for 10 minutes, or wrap a rapid wine cooler around the bottle and it will regain its freshness within minutes. 

What happens to a bottle of fine white served too cold?

Photo Credit: Will Wong

Forgetting to heed my own advice, this scrumptious LDNCRU Bacchus 2021 was immediately served straight out of the fridge (6ºC) when dinner was ready. There was hardly any nose. Was it over the hill? The first glass was bland with none of the tasting profile suggested on its back label: grapefruit, gooseberry and lemon zest aromatics with a herbaceous finish! By the second glass with the bottle left at room temperature (18ºC), the grapefruit flavours became evident with underlying minerality which is not so common with English wines. When the third glass was poured, oh my, there was a steely and complex salinity that would have worked so well with the food at about 15ºC. Too late as there was hardly any wine left in my only bottle! Lesson learnt.

Light Reds, Fortified wine and Fine Whites (e.g. Beaujolais, Darker Sherries and Best White Burgundies)

Photo Credit: Will Wong

German Pinot Noir or Spätburgunder tends to be lighter than their New World counterparts (e.g. California, New Zealand and Oregon); and most Burgundy reds. If you wish to taste the wine at room temperature and find it a little flat or even lifeless, when it is too warm in the summer, it is indeed advisable to lightly chill your bottle in the fridge for 20 minutes. Pinot Noir is very sensitive to temperature change, and you should be able to taste the difference from a previously missing freshness. Try between 11-14ºC.

There is a wide range of sherries from Andaucía, Spain. The above On the QT Oloroso lies somewhere between the palest and driest Manzanilla (best drunk well chilled at 6-8ºC) and the sweetest Pedro Ximénez (PX) served at room temperature. Our palate also changes if the wine is drunk with hopefully complementary food rather than on its own. Oloroso can be served lightly chilled (12-14ºC) or at room temperature (18ºC) according to your preference.

The Domaine Jean Monnier & Fils Meursault is a fine Burgundy white that deserves care and respect. Such whites or their New World equivalents such as some Californian Chardonnay or South African Chenin Blanc are best served not too cold (14-15ºC).

Aged and Fine Reds (e.g. Barolo, Finest Bordeaux and Red Burgundies)

Photo Credit: Will Wong

You might have heard of suggestions to open your aged or fine red and let the wine “breathe”. That is true but it does little to nothing as the surface area of the wine in contact with oxygen is so small.

The above Brunello di Montalcino 2016 and Château Saint-Ange St-Émilion Grand Cru 2015 are two fine reds best decanted at least two hours ahead of serving, to avoid sediment in your glass and let the wine aerate to release the aroma and unlock its full potential at room temperature. By that, we mean 18ºC and not full-blast central heating or the average Australian summer.

So if necessary, you can also lightly chill your finest reds before decanting. They will warm up rapidly with a large surface area exposed in a typical decanter, letting you discover the dark fruits, spice and tannins in harmony or not.

Photo Credit: Will Wong

There is no precise temperature to serve any particular wine but avoid anything over 20ºC. We hope you experiment with the above general guidelines, and through trial and error, you will find that sweet spot where your tasting experience is greatly enhanced. But on your next summer holiday, will you ask for an ice-bucket for that bottle of fine red you ordered?

By WIll Wong

What is Crémant and What Should I Try?

Sparkling wine tends to come to many of our minds during springtime, encouraged by the warmer weather and the celebratory period as wedding season beckons. Sparkling French wine is perfect for these occasions, but did you know there’s so much more out there than just Champagne? We're talking about Crémant which has enjoyed increased popularity lately, so you might be keen to know what it is and why Crémant sparks such interest. Let's delve further into the world of Crémant to find out more!

What is crémant?

First of all. Crémant is a sparkling wine variety, which is quality wine that can be either white or Rosé, produced within 8 specific regions in France (also referenced as appellations) – we will come back to those specific regions later. As the French treat Crémant as seriously as they do Champagne, the production of Crémant is protected, which is known as being AOC classified (controlled origin appellation) and the appellations are authorised by the INAO (France’s regulatory body for appellations). This means that not any old sparkling wine produced in France can just call itself a Crémant! Crémant is made by the traditional method production (similar to Champagne) and this specific production type binds all 8 appellations. There is even a National Federation of Crémant Growers and Producers that was founded in 1982!

Where does crémant come from?

Coming back to those 8 regions mentioned above, Crémant is produced in Alsace, Bordeaux, Burgundy, Die, Jura, Limoux, Loire and Savoie – these regions cover most of the corners of France, so this sounds like the perfect excuse for a spot of wine tourism with a French road trip following this wine route! Some of these regions, such as Bordeaux, may already be known to you for their still white and red wines and now you can also combine the usual wine tasting visit with tasting some bubbles too! The Crémant name is protected by the National Federation of Crémant Growers and Producers which encourages the knowledge and promotion of their beloved wine on a national and international scale.

What is the difference between champagne and crémant?

This is a good question as these are both sparkling wine varieties produced in France but the key difference is that Champagne can only be produced in the Champagne region, whereas there are other regions to choose from that produce Crémant. Plus, of course there is the price difference with Crémant being a cost effective solution without reducing the taste quality as it’s produced in the same way to Champagne. Crémant can use different grape varieties (Champagne only uses Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier) and can also have a higher PH level than Champagne.

Does crémant differ depending on the region (appellation) that it is made from?

Again, this is a very good question as a 2009 community regulation contains the requisites that all Crémant wines must adhere to and yet there are also regional differences. What is common to all Crémant wines is that there is secondary fermentation in the bottle (this is where the delightful bubbles are created due to carbon dioxide). The rules for Crémant also mean that the wines are aged in the bottle for at least 9 additional months, which is where that yeasty smell and taste may be apparent, as there is that contact with the lees (dead yeast cells) when the wine is stirred. Crémant must also be sold only 12 months after the bottling process. Furthermore, the other rules for Crémant are quite stringent; they must be manually harvested, the wine needs to come from specifically squeezed grapes, and there are restrictions on the amount of sulphur chemicals and the level of sugar content too! Let’s explore France some more to truly get to know Crémant!

Alsace

Within the Alsace region, vineyards are planted close to the local villages and it is therefore not surprising that the region is the largest producer of Crémant with around 32.9 million bottles sold per year! According to the Alsace regional tourism board, those sales fall second to that of Champagne in the sparkling wine production, which is a very impressive statistic! Crémant d’Alsace accounts for approximately 24% of Alsace’s wine production and there are regional stipulations governing Alsace’s Crémants, so let’s talk about those!

In 1976, Crémant d’Alsace received its AOC classification but the wine producers from Alsace employed the traditional method for their sparkling wines since the late 19th century! Some of the Alsace Crémants will involve a blend of grape varieties but others may be a single grape variety. But, Pinot Noir tends to be the main grape variety which provides that delicate taste. However, Riesling, Pinot Gris and Chardonnay may also be present and Pinot Noir is the only variety used for the rosé version. As another tip, you can access the online directory for the Alsace wine route when in France!

Bordeaux

Bordeaux may be renowned for its delicious red wines but it is also a producer of quality Crémant sparkling wines! However, it was only in 1990 that the Crémant de Bordeaux received its AOC ranking. Similar to the Alsace region, Bordeaux also uses the traditional method for its crémant production and what you can expect from these Crémants, as indicated by the Bordeaux regional tourism board, are fine bubbles and aromatic wines. Crémant only accounts for 1% of the wine production in Bordeaux, making it one of the smaller Crémant producers but these typically use the same Bordeaux grapes as their still wines. Therefore, the main grape varieties you will see in a Crémant de Bordeaux are Sémillion and Sauvignon. For the Rosé Crémants, these might have a blend of Cabernet and Merlot.

Bourgogne

It was in the early 19th century that Champagne knowledge, via the village Rully, was imported to Bourgogne (Burgundy in English). But, the AOC classification for Crémant de Bourgogne was only received in 1975! Again, this Crémant uses the traditional method (méthode champenoise) and with Crémant de Bourgogne you can also find a Blanc de Blanc and Blanc des Noirs as well as the usual white and red varieties. You can expect to find the grapes of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir within these Crémants. There are approximately 19.2 million bottles sold each year which amounts to 10% of the wine produced in the Bourgogne region! Plus, there is the further segregation within Crémants from Bourgogne with the ‘eminent’ Crémants, aged for at least 24 months and the ‘grand eminent’ Crémants aged for 36 months or more!

Die (the Rhône)

From the Drôme Valley vineyards comes the Crémant de Die with its special location between the Alps and Provence. The vineyards therefore occupy some of France’s highest altitudes at nearly 700 metres! Die is approximately two hours away from Lyon in the south east of France and is one of the smallest Crémant producers. The appellation was received in 1993 and approximately 700,000 bottles of Crémant de Die are sold each year. The grape varieties typically used are Clairette, Aligoté and Muscat which create that green fruits aroma. Crémant de Die could also be combined with chestnut liqueur for a Kir which sounds like a very tempting cocktail to us!

Jura

Whilst this sparkling wine production dates back to the late 18th century, the AOC classification was only received in 1995! This appellation region is also connected with the Côtes du Jura, Arbois, Château-Chalon and L’Étoile. Crémant du Jura differs from some of the other appellations as there are five authorised grape varieties! These are Poulsard, Pinot Noir, Trousseau, Chardonnay and Savagnin. For white Crémants du Jura, there must be at least 70% of Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Trousseau. At least 50% of Pinot Noir, Poulsard and Trousseau must be utilised for the Rosé and the grapes are hand harvested too! There are approximately 1.7 million bottles sold per year which accounts for around 16% of the total Jura AOC production. A fun fact is that there is also a specific Crémant du Jura flute glass specially designed to get the best out of your Crémant du Jura!

Limoux

Situated in the south of France and in the middle of the Languedoc, Crémant de Limoux was first mentioned in a document dating back to 1544 starting with the ancestral method of production. However, the AOC label was only granted to Crémant de Limoux in 1990, but it’s just one of five AOC classifications in the region. The AOC Crémant de Limoux typically consists of two main grape varieties being Chardonnay and Chenin with at least 90% of these varieties having to be used. Additionally, the other varieties Mauzac and Pinot Noir would use 40% maximum of the variety, of which 20% must be Mauzac. Like we said, it can be strict and precise! The grapes will be hand picked and the Crémants produced by the traditional method. The Crémants de Limoux are typically Brut with a floral aroma and the region sells approximately 5.8 million bottles per year. What is also exciting, as mentioned by the Limoux regional tourism board, is that the 33rd edition of the National Crémant Competition will take place in Limoux in April 2024 - keep an eye out for the winners!

Loire

The production area of Crémant de Loire covers the villages of Drain to Cheverny and therefore includes AOC classified regions such as Anjou and Saumur. Crémant de Loire received its appellation in 1975 and its northern location means that there is a diversity of climates impacting the grapes production. The main grape varieties used are Chenin and Cabernet Franc, but there may be blends using Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Grolleau Noir, Grolleau Gris and Orbois to add more flavour! The Crémants de Loire will therefore typically be quite fresh and subtle on the nose and approximately 17 million bottles are sold each year.

Savoie

In the steep valleys of the Alps, the Crémant de Savoie is the newest region to receive its appellation, which was only granted in 2015! The AOC Crémants de Savoie use a multitude of grape varieties but there are restrictions, as usual, for production! The main grape varieties used are the Savoyard Jacquère and Altesse grapes of which 60% must be used - the other 40% being from the Jacquère grapes. Other grape varieties include Chasselas, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Gamay for the other 40% but there must be a maximum 20% of grape varieties used. You should therefore expect fresh and citrus aromas from the Crémants de Savoie given the cool climate and there are approximately 350,000 bottles sold each year. It would therefore be ideal to combine your skiing with wine tasting in the Savoie region!

Which crémants should I try?

Now that you are armed with all of this Crémant knowledge about the appellations, here are some bottles of Crémant that we think you will love!

Gratien & Meyer Crémant de Loire Rosé

This is a smooth drinkable Rosé with a pale pink salmon colour. It is bursting full of strawberries with a light aroma, a dry flavour and medium finish. It offers a subtle elegance that makes it ideal to drink by itself as an after work treat! This one is a definite crowd pleaser!

Size: 75cl
ABV: 12%
Price: £12.50

Louis Vallon Crémant De Bordeaux Blanc De Noirs

A medium bodied Crémant with a light texture, this is an easy drinking elegant bottle. There are citrus, peaches and apple aromas on the nose with a slight detection of yeast and almonds. This Crémant pairs well with almonds as an aperitif.

Size: 75cl
ABV: 12%
Price: £14.75

Cave De Turckheim NV - ALSACE AOC

This is a balanced Crémant from Alsace with a pale lemon colour and fine bubbles and tastes just like a Champagne! There are peach and floral aromas on the nose with a medium intensity and strong finish which pairs quite well with popcorn for a film night!

Size: 75cl
ABV: 12%
Price: £12.75

N.V. Crémant de Bourgogne, Dufouleur Pere et Fils

This is Brut Crémant with a slightly golden colour and is from the Nuit St George’s area. There is a fruity aroma with green apple and peach with a creamy biscuits taste on the palate and medium intensity as a good all rounder.

Size: 75cl
ABV: 12%
Price: £17.75

Waitrose Cuvée Royale Brut Crémant de Limoux

This is a fresh tasting Crémant with big bubbles from the Limoux region. It has a medium complexity with an aroma of floral pears to provide a light but dry wine with a biscuity taste. This would pair very well with salmon blinis for those celebrations!

Size: 75cl
ABV: 12.5%
Price: £13.99

Aldi Specially Selected Crémant du Jura

This Crémant is very popular and keeps flying off the shelves - we can see why! It is a flavourful, aromatic Crémant packed with a fruit forward profile which is also fresh with green apple and a creamy secondary aroma with medium intensity and finish. This would be the ideal Crémant to have with brunch with friends!

Size: 75cl
ABV: 12%
Price: £8.99

Château de l'aulée Crémant NV - Crémant de Loire

This is a dry Crémant that surprisingly tastes just like a Champagne and is very quaffable! It uses Chenin Blanc as its single grape and has a golden colour with rich primary and secondary aromas of apple, brioche and biscuits. This will appeal to many palates and would work well with sea food.

Size: 75cl
ABV: 12.5%
Price: £18.99

Benjamin Darnault Vignerons Wife Crémant de Bourgogne Brut

A very smooth, easy drinking Crémant which is a Chardonnay blend. This is ideal for those who enjoy a lighter, subtle sparkling wine with aromas of green apple, floral and a crisp taste. This will be ideal for sitting in the garden with a picnic.

Size: 75cl
ABV: 12%
Price: £19.99

Sainsburys Taste the Difference Crémant d’Alsace

This is a dry tasting Alsace Crémant with hints of green apple, citrus flavours and secondary flavours of brioche. It has a medium intensity with high acidity and a creamy texture to provide that balanced profile and can be drunk by itself for that spa day!

Size: 75cl
ABV: 12%
Price: £11.50

We would love to hear which Crémants you have tried as they make such a good alternative to Champagne and there is often not that much difference in the taste, depending on the region! Crémant will be great for those spring and summer special occasions or a perfect excuse to treat yourself - what are you waiting for? Santé!

By Latoya Austin

How to Make the Perfect Pisco Sour

The origins of the Pisco Sour are shrouded in mystery, in many ways it’s an evolution of the classic Whisky Sour but it also has a vibrant and complex history all of its own. It’s the national drink of both Peru and Chile, and both countries lay a very real claim to its origin story. Regardless, the Pisco Sour is a bartender favourite worldwide with its bright, floral aroma and tart citrus punch. Let’s explore what makes this cocktail one of the world’s finest, and how to make a perfect Pisco Sour.

Ingredients and Top Tips

Like all the world’s best cocktails, the Pisco Sour is simple in concept, but complex in the balance, aesthetic and general preferences. For simplicity, let’s break the Pisco Sour down to its core ingredients: 

Pisco

Well, obviously. The Peruvian national spirit, distilled from grapes and oozing with light, floral flavours is the base for the classic Pisco sour. For a drink with a serious punch, we’ll be looking at around 60ml or 2oz of your favourite Pisco. Don’t be afraid to lighten the load to 50ml or 1.5oz, but any lower and the later measurements may become complicated - you want the drink to at least fill the glass right?

Citrus

To lemon, or to lime? That is the question. The Pisco Sours’ much older “father cocktail” - the whisky sour - calls for lemon, however the lighter, fruitier notes of pisco lend themselves to lime juice. That’s fresh lime juice, folks.

Sugar

Put down that £20 bottle of store bought sugar syrup! For this recipe, all you need is a rich simple syrup. Simply dissolve 500g of sugar in 250ml of boiling water, bottle, and away you go. Some purists swear by powdered sugar directly into the cocktail shaker for a Pisco sour, however this can create inconsistencies. Inconsistency can be beautiful when experimenting with cocktails alone, but there are better options for when you have to whip up a few of these for a party. 

Foamer

A small amount of egg white goes a long way, and in our humble opinion, makes for the perfect consistency in a Pisco Sour. Don’t worry, egg whites are off-putting to some but they are used in cocktails in all your favourite bars. Still not convinced? Try vegan foaming bitters such as Mrs. Betters’ Bitters. Be aware that this will impact the flavour of your cocktail.

Bitters

The classic recipe calls for a few drops of Angostura bitters to add depth, balance and richness to the cocktail. If you have them to hand, a grapefruit bitters or orange bitters may better complement the Pisco Sours' more fruity floral notes.

How do Bartenders Make a Pisco Sour? 

We challenged three brilliant bartenders from some of the UK’s best bars to answer the question - what makes a perfect Pisco Sour?

Mia - Satan's Whiskers (London)

The world renowned Satan’s Whiskers changes its menu each and every single day. We were lucky enough to visit on a day when Mia was serving up a far from traditional frozen Pisco Sour. When asked what inspired her to include this frosty treat on her menu, she quite rightly stated “If you can, you should”. This blended delight was floral, tart and refreshing and reminded us that while tradition is important, it’s equally important to break those boundaries and just have fun with cocktails. The perfect Pisco Sour? Well, it’s the one you want to make. 

Ais Stevenson - The Maven (Leeds)

Ais - creative cocktail master from Leeds’ Maven bar - points out that few drinks in the “floral-sour” category have stood the test of time quite like the Pisco Sour. For them, a perfect Pisco Sour calls for pisco, lime, sugar, egg and orange blossom to sub the classic angostura bitters. “Always wet then dry shake.” - Wet shaking refers to shaking a cocktail with ice, and dry shaking without. The perfect texture and foam is created by first shaking with, and then without, ice. Why? That’s a whole other article.

James Plant - Albert’s Schloss (Liverpool/Everywhere)

An expert in all things cocktails, art and all things delicious, James believes (like all cocktails) that the perfect Pisco Sour relies on attention to detail. “You can’t produce a world class drink unless every aspect is great.” from the Pisco, citrus and even the glassware. James is particularly fond of using both lime and lemon for a sharper, more complex Pisco sour. Remember folks, while there are alternatives out there for that classic velvety texture, for James, “You can’t beat egg whites.” - no pun intended.

Four Piscos that make a Perfect Pisco Sour

To make the perfect Pisco Sour, you need a perfect Pisco. Here are four perfect Pisco picks:

Barsol Primero Quebrenta

Barsol are world leaders in the Pisco game, and their signature spirit made from the less aromatic Quebrenta grapes proves exactly why. The rich notes of banana and chocolate add a full body to the Pisco sour that some lighter, more floral bottles may lack. This is Pisco made by people that love the Pisco Sour, for the purpose of being used in a Pisco Sour. It’s easy to see why this is the bartender's choice of spirit in countless bars.

Size: 700ml 
ABV: 41.3%
Find here: £31.45

Demonio de Los Andes Acholado

“Devil of the Andes” Pisco comes in at a lower price point than many bottles, but doesn’t even slightly skimp out on flavour, with a heavy grape punch on the palette coming from the varied selection of grapes used to make this fine spirit. The producers, Vina Tacama, claim to be one of the oldest vineyards in Peru, and Demonio de Los Andes lives every bit up to that hype. The particularly potent grape punch pairs perfectly in the Pisco Sour. Try saying that three times drunk.

Size: 700ml
ABV: 40%
Find here: £32.95

Macchu

Sporting the cutest label of all the Piscos, Macchu’s grassy, floral and limey signature spirit makes for a world class Pisco Sour. Ten whole pounds of the most “awesome grapes” (their own words) go into each and every bottle of Macchu, which contributes to the clean, crisp flavour and smooth sipping experience. The spirit is left to rest for a year in a clay pot before bottling. Clearly, Macchu is a labour of love from sisters Melanie and Lizzie; their passion for distilling shines through in any cocktail. 

Size: 700ml
ABV: 42.2%
Find here: £37.24

Campo de Encanto

Campo de Encanto (field of enchantment) is a stand-out bottle for those looking for sustainability within their spirits. The discarded grape skins are used as compost and fertiliser for their later harvests, creating an almost zero-waste life-cycle for this sweet, fruity pisco. As Pisco is largely an unaged spirit, environmental factors contribute hugely to the final flavour, which is evidenced by Campo de Encanto. Add this to your pisco sour if you’re a lover of fruit-forward cocktails and want something different, with hints of plum, lemon and tropical fruits.

Size: 700ml
ABV: 40.5%
Find here: £42.49

How To Make The Perfect Pisco Sour - The Recipe

Finally! The moment you’ve all been waiting for. The perfect Pisco Sour is… Drum roll please… the one you like the most. 

No, sorry, that’s a cop out.

There are a thousand ways to make the Pisco Sour, but here’s a recipe that will be perfect every single time and that honours tradition while considering modern bartending techniques. 

Ingredients
60ml or 2oz Pisco
20ml or 0.75oz Freshly squeezed lime juice
20ml or 0.75oz Simple Syrup (1:1 - equal parts sugar and water)
15ml or 0.5oz Egg White
3 Dashes of orange bitters

Method
Add all ingredients into a cocktail shaker. Shake vigorously with ice, then strain out the ice, and shake again until foamy. Pour into your most elegant coupe glass, straight from the freezer and enjoy your perfect Pisco Sour.

Want to learn more about Pisco? Click here.

By Miley Kendrick

7 Aperitifs to Use in Your Negroni

Ask most people how to make a Negroni and most of the time, the response will be “Gin, Sweet Vermouth, and Campari, in equal parts”. While this is not incorrect by any means, there is a glaring error in there. Gin and Sweet Vermouth are general products, while Campari is a specific brand and bottle within the realm of bitter aperitif liqueurs.

Don’t get me wrong - a Campari Negroni is delicious, reliable, and widely available. However, it is the baseline as there is an incredibly vast selection of bitter aperitifs (commercially, and artisinally produced) that work wonders in a Negroni.

Adopting a new approach to the Negroni of Spirit, Sweet Wine, and Bitter Aperitif, that’s implemented in the some bars, our options for the bittersweet tipple have been exponentially widened. Here is a look at some of our favourite bitter aperitifs to replace Campari in your Negroni.

FOR A standard white Negroni

SUZE

The original White Negroni, featuring Plymouth Gin, Suze, and Lillet Blanc was created through the collaborative efforts of the director of Plymouth Gin at the time, Nick Blacknell, and late legendary London bartender Wayne Collins. The drink was born out of necessity as they tasked themselves with making a Negroni using French wine and aperitifs since they were in France for Vinexpo 2001.

The drink was later popularised by Plymouth Gin ambassador Simon Ford, and world-famous bartender, Audrey Saunders. Audrey loved the drink so much that to combat the shortage of supply of Suze in the United States, she would smuggle multiple bottles at a time from her trips to the United Kingdom. For good reason too, as the drink has the bracing bitterness and character of a Negroni, but has a flavour profile unique enough to stand out from the crowd of other riffs.

Size: 700ml
ABV: 20%
Find here: £18.95

FOR A White Mezcal Negroni

Luxardo Bitter Bianco

A personal favourite of ours is the Negroni Bianco, which combines Mezcal, White Port, and Luxardo Bitter Bianco for a delectable drink that has the stiffness of a winter sipper with the tropical notes of a shaken summery drink.

The Bitter Bianco is the star of the show in this cocktail because it acts as the bridge connecting the smoky, vegetal mezcal to the tropical and tannic white port. The Bitter Bianco brings notes of celery and bitter herbs such as oregano and thyme to pair with the mezcal and fruit and citrus notes of orchard fruits, lime, and orange that play very nicely with the white port.

Size: 700ml
ABV: 30%
Find here: £17.75

FOR The one distillery Negroni

Old Poison Bitter

The sister distillery to the bar I work in, Bittersweet, Old Poison Distillery in Edinburgh Scotland is the distillery with the largest portfolio in the UK and the only one to make a bitter aperitif! This addition to the already vast spirit selection Scotland has to offer has unlocked yet another 100% Scottish cocktail -  the Negroni.

Founded and operated by native Neopolitan in Edinburgh, Fabrizio Cioffi, his passion for Italian Aperitif culture and cuisine resulted in him creating Leith Vermouth as well as the Old Poison London Dry Gin. Combine these three ingredients to get the Old Poison Negroni, or better yet, if you find yourself in Edinburgh, pop down to the bar to be served one by myself and the team!

Size: 700ml
ABV: 25%
Find here: £25

FOR THE HANKY PANKY

Fernet Branca

The Hanky Panky is an understated classic cocktail, created by Ada Coleman, former head bartender at the Savoy Hotel in London in the early 1900s. And breaking down the recipe of the cocktail we can see that it fits in perfectly to the description of the Negroni mentioned in the introduction. Simply subbing out an equal measure of Campari for a 5ml splash of Fernet Branca still lands this mentholated Martinez twist in the Negroni category.

This serve runs a tiny bit sweeter than your standard Negroni with the smaller dose of Fernet downplaying the standard level of bitterness, so if you, like many others, are a part of Fernet Branca’s cult following, and are looking for an introduction to the Negroni, this may just be the serve for you.

Size: 700ml
ABV: 39%
Find here: £26.91

for a New Orleans Negroni

Peychauds Aperitivo

From the people that brought us the infamous bright red creole style Peychaud’s Bitters, Peychaud’s Aperitivo merges the world of bittersweet liqueurs with over a century and a half of New Orleans culture and heritage.

The aperitivo brings the classic bitter orange and grapefruit notes that are expected from aperitif liqueurs, but the underlying tones of woody herbs bring to the table a sharp bitterness that is begging to be paired with barrel-aged spirits. In true New Orleans fashion, we suggest pairing it with the duet of Armagnac Brandy and Sweet Vermouth from France. The dark chocolate and caramel notes from the Armagnac and the dried fruit sweetness from the vermouth combined with the aperitif gives us a magical harmony of Italian, French, and Creole flavours! A holy trinity of Italian, French, and Creole culture and cuisine sure to delight your tastebuds!

Size: 750ml
ABV: 11%
Find here: £17.99

FOR A Subcontinental Negroni

Khoosh Bitter

Khoosh Bitter is a lesser-known bitter aperitif that was initially produced in Britain between 1881 and 1900 before the company went into liquidation and halted production. The team at Phoenyx Spirits recently restarted production of this marmalade-laced bitter aperitif as part of their mission statement to revive the great lost spirits of Britain.

With Quassia Amara as the key botanical in this liqueur, there is an intense woody dryness that lingers on the finish with notes of subcontinental herbs and spices including clove, cardamom, and asafetida.

With the Mughal Era Subcontinental design on the bottle, I feel it is only right to pair it with rum to honour the sugar cane production of the Subcontinent and your sweet wine of choice!

Size: 700ml
ABV: 20%
Find here: £27.95

FOR the Venetian Negroni

Select

Select is the quintessential ingredient for drinks in the city of Venice. From spritzes to Negronis, this bright red bitter aperitif liqueur is an excellent option for someone who fancies a slight change from their normal Campari Negroni or Aperol Spritz but does not necessarily want to push the boat out too far. 

Select Aperitivo has a distinct grassiness on the top of the palette and runs more syrupy than your standard Italian red bitter liqueur, with a bright citrus oil finish. This profile makes it an excellent addition to your negroni if your gin on hand is more peppery than your usual!

Size: 700ml
ABV: 17.5%
Find here: £17.94

If whisky cocktail are more your thing, then check out five easy-to-make serves here that show how delicious Scotch can be in cocktails.

By Fowwaz Ansari

9 Sipworthy Flavoured Gins from the British Isles

In celebration of our rich tapestry of local botanicals and offerings, let’s discover more about the flavoured gin phenomenon, from some of the most popular gin flavours at the moment to other equally sipworthy gins being made all across the Isles.

Any gin lover wishing to liven up a G&T and bring exciting new sensations to the palate needn’t just change tonic or mixers to achieve exciting ‘liquid to lips’ moments. By selecting a new flavoured gin that tickles your taste buds you can deepen your appreciation in brand new ways. Let’s tour the gin isles and get sipping new flavours...

What is the MOST POPULAR ‘FLAVOUR’ OF GIN?

According to Google Trends, Pink Gin has been the undisputed top search term alongside ‘gin and tonic’ since 2018. Many distillers have introduced pink gins because of this popularity - and what wonderful choices we have.

So, what botanicals are used to make pink gin? Well, basically it’s anything that turns a gin-clear liquid pink! Predominant flavour profiles include strawberry, raspberry, rhubarb, cherry, pink grapefruit, rose and other florals. 

Mermaid Pink Gin - Isle of Wight Distillery 

A vibrant variation of Mermaid Gin, this delightful gin boasts a flavour profile that’s naturally sweet. It gets its rosy hue from an infusion of locally-picked IOW strawberries. There’s an intriguing juxtaposition with the botanicals already in the mix, with coastal hints of savoury rock samphire, herbaceous hops and Sicilian lemon. It pairs swimmingly well with a light tonic. Garnish with a strawberry and sprig of fresh garden mint!

Size: 700ml
ABV: 38%
Find here: £32.95

The Only Way Is Gin - Raspberry Pink Gin 

A lip-smacking infusion of raspberries grown in Essex are championed in this vibrant gin which beautifully balances with drying hints of juniper, citrus peels and a slow build of earthy, toasty spices. Less sweet than most raspberry gins, this multi-award-winning signature gin tastes of both distinct juniper and the fruit it is made from. Enjoy neat over ice, as a G&T or with lemonade.

Size: 700ml
ABV: 37.5%
Find here: £37.50

Aber Falls Rhubarb & Ginger Gin 

From the Aber Falls distillery comes the comforting, homely taste of a rhubarb and ginger crumble in the form of gin! Uniquely sourced and distilled in Wales, this gin brings fond memories of home-cooked Sunday dinners of yesteryear. Tastes amazing with ginger ale or a light premium tonic.

Size: 700ml
ABV: 41.3%
Find here: £26.00

WHAT ARE THE BEST LOCALLY-SOURCED FLAVOURed Gins from THE BRITISH ISLES?

Assay Rosehip & Crab Apple Gin 

This quintessentially English tasting gin from Sheffield Distillery gives a generous helping of rosehips and locally-grown crab apples, blended to give a taste reminiscent of locally foraged autumn hedgerows all year round. Pairs nicely with Franklin & Sons Cloudy Apple and Rhubarb Soda or a sparkling apple juice.

Size: 700ml
ABV: 45%
Find here: £37.90

Isle of Bute Heather Gin

Bring the taste of Scotland to your palate with this classic gin that uses wild heather flowers hand-picked on the Isle of Bute. This delicious small batch gin brings a fine balance of citrus and floral, bringing the brightness of pink grapefruit to complement the heather and other classic gin botanicals. Serve with a slice of pink grapefruit, tonic and ice. 

Size: 700ml
ABV: 41%
Find here: £32.20

An Dúlamán Irish Maritime Gin

Now for something completely different as we sail across the Irish Sea away from fruity and floral influences to soft, salty sea notes to be savoured in this coastal-flavoured gin from Ireland. It’s a vibrant spirit from Sliabh Liag Distillery that captures the magic of the seas using five locally harvested varieties of seaweed, as well as six other botanicals giving it a buttery oyster smoothness. Pairs well with premium tonic or bitter lemon. 

Size: 500ml
ABV: 43.2%
Find here: £29.89

Atlantic Distillery Organic Earl Grey Gin

In celebration of Britain’s other favourite drink, from Cornwall comes this exquisite and organic Earl Grey Gin for the tea lovers. Distilled with real earl grey tea leaves, it brings gentle earthy characteristic notes of lemon citrus, bergamot and anise.  

Size: 700ml
ABV: 43.0%
Find here: £35.07

Esker Gold Premium Gin 

This Aberdeenshire gin, according to the distillers, is a unique addition to the Scottish gin market, taking sap from the silver birch trees on the Kincardine estate on Royal Deeside. What is added to turn this sap into gold? A blend of spices and honey to provide subtle sweetness. This gin makes a delicious neat spirit over ice or mixed with ginger ale. Pure alchemy and a gold medal winning formula!

Size: 500ml
ABV: 40.0%
Find here: £29.95

Pitwheel Original Spiced Gin 

This final gin from County Durham’s Pitwheel Distillery is a warming alternative for gin lovers looking for something special and different with a subtly spiced flavour. Developed to give a twist on a traditional recipe, its botanicals include pink peppercorn and green cardamom. It was a deserving winner in the Spiced Gin category at The Gin Guide Awards in 2023.  

Size: 700ml
ABV: 40.0%
Find here: £41.25

So there you have it, many wonderful flavours from every corner of the British Isles. Remember to support your local gin distillery and buy local or pick out the flavours that most pique your interest. For more gin collection building advice, go here! There’s definitely something for every gin lover right here in the United Gindom - wherever you are in the world. Happy sipping!

By Robbie Jerram

Can You Drink Wine Out of Any Glass?

Photo credit: Will Wong

When wandering around the homeware section of a department store, it's not uncommon to see people perusing over wine glasses. But with so many choices out there it gets one thinking - What’s all the fuss really about? Can't I drink wine out of any glass? What should I look for when buying new glassware? Do I really need different glassware for different types of wine? 

Understanding wines is complex enough, but now there is the pressure to get a set of respectable glasses to show your appreciation of wine without breaking the bank, or the glasses! A glass is a glass, right? Well, not really. If you have ever pondered the questions above, then read on as they’re all about to be answered.

To start with, let’s go through the key elements of any wine glass, and how each plays a part in your overall experience of the wine, because there are additional considerations before you invest in your glasses. This step-by-step guide will help you make an informed choice to enhance your wine enjoyment at home and beyond.

The FIVE aspects of your ideal wine glass

Whether you are browsing online or in a homeware store, the look of the glass and its price might be your first considerations. Wherever possible, it’s a good idea to visit a physical shop to hold and feel the wine glasses in stock to get a sense of their size, weight and how they actually feel in your hand. It is worth considering if you are purchasing just a pair, or a set of four to six - storage spaces for your exquisite glassware shouldn’t be an after-thought.

Whilst manufacturers such as Riedel boast an extensive grape varietal range, some critics are less concerned about subtle differences than the fundamental characteristics that make an aesthetically pleasing and functional wine glass. But does the same wine smell and taste different across different designs and shapes? Yes, in both nuances and sometimes even in obvious ways! 

Imagine your favourite orchestra or band performing exactly the same piece across venues of different sizes and acoustics - you will pick up notable differences and details, especially in classical music.

Our sensory perceptions, nose and palate are highly personal. The glasses featured here are part of my personal collection. Other brands and designs are available. It may not be possible to try before you buy, but any well-designed and well-made wine glass consists of the following key elements.

1. Bowl

Photo credit: Will Wong

The heart of the vessel which holds the genie out of the bottle. Aim for a clear tulip-shaped design with a tapered top. Avoid coloured patterns, or oblique designs that obscure the true colour of your wine. After all, you see the wine as you pour, before you get to enjoy its aroma and the first sip.

We recommend filling the bowl to no more than a quarter-full - you are not serving a pint of beer in a pub. Aromas dance in this ‘space’, allowing you to swirl the wine round in the glass, which further releases the aromas before your first sip. Our sense of smell is often underrated, and it has an intricate effect on how we taste.

The right glass brings all the nuances of flavour to the fore and can improve your experience of a wine. It’s like an orchestral conductor or music producer at a mixing desk working with the same musicians (your wine), enabling the right balance of bouquet and accentuated flavour.

2. Rim

Photo credit: Will Wong

All other things being equal, we cannot over-emphasise this final frontier before the wine hits your lips and palate. So, if you have a chance to view and touch any wine glass in person, hold it and feel its rim. In general, handmade and mouth-blown crystal glasses have much thinner rims than the machine-made, allowing a more even flow of the wine as it leaves the glass.

As you indulge in the first anticipated sip or kiss, a good glass gives you the sensation of sucking out of thin air. Your sensory focus lies more on the taste of the wine, as opposed to the thickness of the glass.

People often forget the romance involved with drinking fermented grape juice. After all, not every first kiss makes your heart skip a beat! 

3. Stem vs Stemless

Photo credit: Will Wong

Besides its function to support the bowl, the thickness and height of the stem also shape how the overall glass looks and balances with the base. Thicker stems might seem to provide greater stability, but it also adds to the weight and overall feel of the glass in your hand.

The match-thin stem of the Josephine No.1 White above looks fragile, but it’s actually very elegant to hold and allows you to swirl the glass effortlessly. It also separates your hand from the bowl and avoids warming up the wine or leaving fingerprints around the bowl. Although, it’s not really recommended for outdoor use. 

The Govino stemless glass is made from unbreakable 100% Tritan Co-polyester, making it ideal for outdoor picnics. Glass variants from leading manufacturers are widely available too. Besides the obvious disadvantages, they are more stable and better suited for balcony, patio or garden dining. 

4. Base

The ‘foot’ of the entire glass which holds everything together. This is also where you are likely to find the manufacturer’s logo (or any copycats’). It should be proportional to the size of the bowl and the height of the stem to maintain overall balance and aesthetic harmony.

WHAT IS THE Right Glass for each Wine?

Champagne & Sparkling Wine

Photo credit: Will Wong

Who doesn’t love the sound of a sparkler cork pop, and the sight of dazzling bubbles rising up that glass before the toast? But what about its flavour as the fizz warms up and begins to fizzle out?

The three most common sparkling wine glasses are:

1. The Coupe

Up until the 1970s, Champagne was traditionally served in coupes. These wide-rimmed glasses were often made from crystal and, according to legend, were modelled on the curves of the Marquise de Pompadour, the official chief mistress of Louis XV. Others claim the shape was inspired by Marie-Antoinette’s breast, Queen of France and wife of Louis XVI. However, the glass was really designed in England in 1663, specifically for sparkling wines.

It looks great in a Champagne pyramid, but the wide rim exposes the Champagne to air rapidly, causing the bubbles to disperse leaving the wine to taste flat.

Example - Riedel Extreme Junmai Sake Coupe

2. The Flute

Probably the most popular and immediately associated with serving that festive or everyday fizz! As you take the first sip after toasting, the rapid gush of gas bubbles rush up the flute and practically mask the more delicate aromas and flavours. The straight-sided, open-topped shapes of the flute; just like the coupe mean that aromas easily escape into the atmosphere. 

Example - Riedel Vinum Vintage Champagne Flute

3. Tulip-shaped with in-curving tops

Aim for a clear glass with a slender stem. Champagnes or sparking wines need to be served well-chilled (7-10ºC / 45-50ºF). You definitely do not want your hand to warm it up with a stemless glass. The tulip-shaped is our preferred design as it helps enclose the sparkler’s aroma and funnel it towards the nose. It also allows just enough surface area for the wine to open up, without fizz escaping too fast.

Example - Josephine No.4 Champagne (hand blown)

If you’d rather not invest in dedicated Champagne glasses, try the following white wine glasses instead.

Young Whites (Albariño, Bacchus, Sauvignon & Pinot Grigio), Rosé or Lighter Reds (Beaujolais & Valpolicella) 

Photo credit: Will Wong

These wines are traditionally drunk young, with their fresh fruitiness. They do not usually require much aeration before serving. The above white wine glasses are smaller than those below to concentrate the delicate aromas of young whites and reds, or Rosé. The narrower bowl helps in preserving the wine’s subtle flavours and nuances. 

Example - Josephine No.1 White (hand blown) and Zalto Denk’Art Universal (hand blown)

Big Whites (Oaked Chardonnay, Viognier, White Rioja and even Orange Wine]

Photo credit: Will Wong

Aged whites such as oaked Australian or Californian Chardonnay are best served less cold than younger whites. They would benefit from a larger bowl to help the wine open up and reach optimum serving temperature (14-15ºC / 57-59ºF).

Example - Riedel Veloce Chardonnay and Zieher Vision Intense (hand blown)

Light to Medium-bodied Reds (Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc, Grenache & Sangiovese, e.g. Chianti)

Photo credit: Will Wong

A traditional wide bowl and sometimes with a shorter stem helps enclose the delicate aromas with a larger surface area for oxygen contact. It directs the intense flavours to the correct part of your tongue.

Example - Riedel Veloce Pinot Noir / Nebbiolo and Spiegelau Definition Burgundy Glass and Josephine No.3 Red (hand blown)

Full-bodied Reds (Bordeaux blends, Barolo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Merlot, Syrah and Zinfandel)

Photo credit: Will Wong

The bowl shape is designed for bold red wines, with a broad base and a top that tapers/closes at the opening. The open and large surface area allows a significant amount of oxygen to contact the wine. The wider opening makes the wine taste smoother after some swirling and time in the glass. It brings out the fruit flavours and all the hidden complexities the winemaker likes you to discover!

Example -Josephine No.3 Red (hand blown) and Riedel Veloce Cabernet Sauvignon/Merlot

What If I Want One Glass for Everything?

Photo credit: Will Wong

We know that some of the suggested glassware above aren’t exactly cheap. Storage space could be a problem in a modern home too. Although less ideal for the bold tannic reds, we recommend two hand-blown glasses that are both well made and very elegant to hold and sip from. The key difference is the straight profile of the Zalto Denk’Art Universal vs the ‘kink’ on the Josephine No.2 Universal. If you wish to spend less, then the machine-made Riedel Veloce Chardonnay would also be a talking point due to its big tulip shape.

Is It Better To Buy Cheap Wine Glasses?

We share your anxiety when it comes to spending big on expensive glasses - hold on for our aftercare advice. Meanwhile, let’s do some simple maths. Say if you share a bottle of wine with your partner four times a week. That is reasonable so it translates to three 125ml glasses four times a week for only 48 weeks in a year (let’s say including Dry January). If you invested £50 on just one hand-blown glass, you would have used it almost 600 times in an average year. The premium you pay on each serving is just over 8 pence. We think it is an investment that will reward your sensory experience for years to come. 

However, if you were getting at least six to twelve glasses for frequent home entertaining, then the dishwasher-safe machine-made Riedel Veloce might be a better option.

Aftercare

Photo credit: Will Wong

Most of the recommended glassware here is delicate so we suggest hand-washing. Kind souls have posted many online video tutorials on ‘how to hand wash and polish wine glasses’. It could be a little nerve-racking at first but practice makes perfect. Here are a few do’s and don’ts that might help:

DO:

1. If left overnight, rinse each used glass with warm water then shake any excess water off.

2. Spray a little white vinegar into the base of each glass, especially if red wine was served.

3. Use only clean, warm soapy water to wash.

4. Hold the glass by the bottom of its bowl and use a silicone brush to scrub off any stubborn red wine stains.

5. Rinse under a warm (not hot) tap but beware of knocking your glass against the tap.

6. Hand polish with two pieces of lint-free/microfibre cloths.

7. Always hold the bottom of the bowl with one hand wrapped in a lint-free/microfibre cloth; never by the stem.

8. Carefully dry the outside and inside of the bowl, the stem and the base with the other hand wrapped in the second piece of lint-free cloth.

DON’T:

1. Soak the glasses in hard water overnight. The watermark from the limescale will be a nightmare to clean.

2. Wipe dry with the usual cotton tea towel; its microfibre would stick all over your clean glass.

3. Hold your glass by its stem whilst washing or polishing. That is the most delicate part and you could snap it.

A glass is more than just a glass when it comes to your stemware. In the good old days before wireless streaming, you would not invest in high end audio equipment, only to connect them with budget speaker cables. Even in this day and age of smart TV and live-streaming, the quality of your audio-visual experience not only depends on your hardware, but definitely the quality of your broadband too. You can listen to music out of your mobile phone’s tiny speakers, but it will not be the same as a pair of outstanding speakers or noise-cancelling headphones. 

Whether you are buying just one glass for all your needs, or different ones for different purposes, we hope this guide helps you make better and informed choices. Above all, overcome the fear of breaking any ‘expensive’ glassware. Enjoy the clear vision from a quality glass. Feel its elegant lightness when swirling and sipping. The rewards will pay back your initial investment many times over for years to come.

By Will Wong