Organic eating has had far more press than organic drinking over the last few years, but as people grow increasingly aware of what they consume, the tide is changing. Just like with the food industry, you’re likely to stumble across a few different terms, certificates and techniques that overlap with one another, but these buzzwords can cause confusion. So, to clear it up, here is a clear breakdown of what ‘organic’, ‘biodynamic’, and ‘sustainable’ actually means for wine.
What are organic wines?
In the simplest of terms, organic wine means that the wine uses organically grown grapes. To be able to call itself organic, the vineyard has to have the relevant organic farming certification from the country it’s in, which indicates that 100% organic ingredients have gone into it, so artificial fertilisers, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, colouring agents, and concentrated wine additives are prohibited.
This isn’t to say that nothing can be added, however, because an organic wine may still use yeasts and fining agents, some of which are not vegan. Also, bear in mind that because regulators differ from country to country, organic is a loose definition. For example, in the US sulphur is not permitted, but in Europe, it can be up to 100ppm… which is why some American bottles are labelled, ‘made using organic grapes’ rather than simply ‘organic’ – confusing we know!
What are biodynamic wines?
Centred around the work of Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner, biodynamic wines build on organic wine production by not only embracing the regulations of organic wine, but by considering the vineyard as a wider ecosystem.
The aim is to find ecological balance and self-sufficiency through the interconnectivity of everything in the vineyard. Lunar cycles are involved, as are astrological influences and very specific soil preparations to work within the biodynamic calendar. Some of the most prestigious wine producers in the world swear by these practices not just to produce healthier, more natural grapes, but to make sure that the vineyard is still thriving in years to come. Producers such as Maison Chapoutier in the Rhône Valley and even Domaine de la Romanée Conti in Burgundy are biodynamic. You’re not likely to see an official biodynamic certification on labels, however. Instead, it will probably be labelled as organic with something like ‘made according to biodynamic methods’ on the bottle.
What are sustainable wines?
Making sustainable wines is more practical than organic winemaking, because if something isn’t economically viable, it may be skipped over as long as the overall production maintains biodiversity, conserves water, and embraces renewable technology.
Like biodynamic winemaking, there is no formality to the certification although there are international standards such as the ISO that are widely recognised. Generally, compromises are allowed so a business can be profitable but, when possible, the environmental option must be pursued. To give an example, if there were a situation where the choice was to either let some vines die or to use pesticides and save them, the pesticides would be used at the expense of the organic label.
Of course, there are fantastic wines that meet all of these classifications, as well as many that meet none, but we’re all for winemaking that looks to be as natural, waste-free and environmentally friendly as possible. Often, the wines do seem more vibrant with brighter flavours, and many drinkers never go back!
If you want to taste some delicious organic wines then check out the wonderful organic whites, pinks and reds here!
