For centuries, humans in colder climates have sought healing, warmth, and comfort through heated alcoholic beverages. In drinking cultures, hot cocktails have long been associated with communal gatherings and hospitality while being served and enjoyed in taverns, homes, or festive markets. This is a short, short history of this hot, hot category and some cool science-based tips on taste buds and techniques!
The exact origin of hot cocktails was not one single moment but a development over time, continents, and cultures. Widely documented during the Middle Ages, hot spiced wine was consumed during winter festivals and celebrations, and occasionally sought after as a medicinal remedy. The spread of distillation led to the production of spirits which became integral components of Hot Toddies and Corrected Coffees in subsequent centuries. From these early versions of mulled wines to modern and elaborate variations, hot cocktails continue to evolve with cultural creativity, traditions, ingredient innovations, and the timeless human desire for convivial cosiness.
When creating your own hot concoction, one of the most important aspects to remember is: hot drinks are perceived differently on the taste buds! Studies have shown perceived sweetness, bitterness, and umami intensify in warmer beverages. Though sour and salt have been found to remain similar due to different taste receptors, you should be aware of the increase of the other three flavour sensations. Because of this, your sweetening agent will need to be less per serving than cold cocktails, your spice choice can heavily impact perceived bitter flavours, and any umami ingredients will rise in prominence as well.
Aromatic ingredients will also be stronger in hot cocktails. Higher temperatures directly affect the volatility (movement/airborne-ness) of the aroma molecules which enter our nasal and oral passages and bind to our aroma receptors. Using ingredients with already powerful aromas (e.g. peat, rose, lavender, cumin, etc) could become overwhelming and unpleasant.
Once you’ve considered these factors, you’re ready to heat things up! Here is a guide to the most popular hot drinks and some often overlooked tips to help you maximise deliciousness:
MULLED DRINKS
The ancestor to all hot cocktails, a mulled wine, cider, or beer remains a solid staple of hot drinks to this day. The word mulled possibly comes from mulsed which means to mingle with honey but since the 1700s has meant to make into a hot drink with added sugar, spices, and fruit. The key to a great mulled beverage is to start with a good-quality, full-bodied base you would enjoy drinking on its own. Avoid overheating, which can cause the alcohol to evaporate and the base to over-oxidise resulting in harsh, astringent, unpleasant, or unintended flavours. Slowly simmering the beverage with your spices, sweetener, and fruit allows the flavours to infuse fully. Feel free to experiment with different spice combinations to make it your own as mulled drinks are more forgiving than their more spirituous descendants.
Mixtures like this are made by many cultures with slight variations in ingredient, strength, or traditions and they go by many names including but not limited to: Gluhwein, Vin Chaud, Vin Brule, Gløgg, Ponche de Vino, Høtvin, Quentão, Svařák, Bisschopswijn, etc.
BEER FLIP
The Beer Flip is a historic beverage dating back to the 17th century. This hot cocktail could potentially fit into other categories below but gains its own because of the traditional preparation ritual. It was typically made by combining beer, rum or brandy, eggs, sugar, and spices. It would then be rapidly heated by plunging a red-hot iron poker or loggerhead into the mixture, causing it to froth and caramelising the sugars inside. While the use of the hot poker has understandably diminished over time, modern adaptations can still be found in some bars and restaurants. The main tip for combining alcohol and a red-hot poker is this: Please be careful!
HOT TODDIES
With plausible linguistic origins in both Scottish and Irish Gaelic, "tod's hot" cocktails originated as colloquial or regional terms for a warming beverage enjoyed during hunting expeditions or cold fireside winter nights. They are most commonly made with whisk(e)y, lemon, sugar, and hot water spiced with cinnamon sticks, cloves, and star anise. But all spirits can work in a Toddy, including gin which has been used to make Hot Gin Punch in the UK or rum to make a Caribbean Spiced Rum Punch. For the stretching element, many people are excited to remember that spices in water is just another way of saying tea, which means your options are as diverse as the innumerable types of tea offered in your go-to grocer or anything you want to dream up and infuse! Your sugar choice can also transform your Hot Toddy, so experiment with lesser utilised sweeteners like barley syrup, pomegranate molasses, sucanat sugar, date syrup, maple syrup, or brown rice sugar. Switch out the citrus with other tart fruits to bring some tropicality into your chilly evening. Adding a pinch of salt is a tastebud science trick to lessen bitterness accentuated by the heat or spice infusions.
BOOZY COFFEES
From the beloved Irish Coffee to the simple and effective “Corrected Coffees” of the Mediterranean, there are thousands of variations on this heater. Boozy coffees combine hot coffee with spirit, sugar, and often a layer of cream floated on top. A tip for maximum enjoyment of this hot cocktail is serving temperature. A 2007 study by researchers Fredericka Brown & Kenneth R. Diller calculates ideal coffee temperature the following way:
The preferred drinking temperature of coffee is specified in the literature as 140 ± 15 °F (60 ± 8.3 °C) for a population of 300 subjects. A linear (with respect to temperature) figure of merit merged the two effects to identify an optimal drinking temperature of approximately 136 °F (57.8 °C).
Temperature along with quality will greatly affect the flavours in your boozy coffee. Since hot beverages accentuate bitterness, extra care should be taken to ensure a bitterness-prone drink like coffee doesn’t overpower and ruin the whole drink. Test the coffee and brew styles before serving it to anyone you’re needing to impress, including yourself.
BUTTERED & BATTERED
This category is a catchall for the inarguably popular cocktails in North America during the winter months, namely: Hot Buttered Rum and Tom & Jerry. A Hot Buttered beverage is a spirit - traditionally rum or brandy - or beer heated directly or with water in a vessel with spices, sugar, and butter. This gives the drink an indulgent and comforting velvety texture for warm moments on cold nights. The Tom & Jerry is a rare batter-based cocktail. The batter is prepared with eggs, sugar, and warming spices, which is then mixed with hot milk or water and added into a cup with rum or brandy. A tip for this category concerns their heavy use of the warming spice nutmeg. Nutmeg has a compound called myristicin which, in large quantities, can induce feelings of euphoria and a numbing spicy sensation in the mouth and throat. Amounts in this concentration can be toxic and should be avoided, but in small quantities it adds a toasted flavour, a comforting aroma, and a cosy tingling sensation on the palette.
From the comforting embrace of an Irish Coffee to the dangerous theatrics of a Beer Flip, each hot cocktail tells a story of tradition and creativity across continents and cultures. Although, crafting the perfect hot cocktail requires more than just ingredients in an online recipe, but an understanding of taste perception and aroma dynamics. As we heat up our creations, we unlock a symphony of intensified flavours and scents, heightening the sensory experience, and inviting us to savour our cosiest moments with our most celebrated loved ones.
For more cosy serves, check out our special guide on great boozy coffee and hot chocolates here!
By Zach Sapato
